Minecraft Potion Recipes: Every Brewing Recipe (Java & Bedrock)

Brewing is the one crafting system Minecraft never explains. There is no recipe book for it, the brewing stand gives you no hints, and most Minecraft potion recipes charts you find were written years ago — so they quietly miss the four potions added in 1.21. This is the complete chart, generated from our own item catalog: every ingredient, every potion, every splash and lingering variant, with the Java and Bedrock exclusives marked. Accurate as of Java 26.2 and Bedrock 1.26.40.

How Do You Brew a Potion in Minecraft?

Every potion follows the same three steps: fill glass bottles with water, brew nether wart into them to make an Awkward Potion, then brew the ingredient that gives you the effect you want. The brewing stand holds three bottles at once and brews all three in a single operation, so you should always brew in threes — the ingredient is consumed once no matter how many bottles are in the stand.

You need two things before you can start, and both come from the Nether: a blaze rod to craft the stand itself, and blaze powder to fuel it. One piece of blaze powder brews 20 batches. The real gate on brewing is neither of those, though — it is nether wart, which grows on soul sand in exactly two places: the small soul sand gardens near the stairwells of nether fortresses, and the central courtyard of housing-unit bastion remnants. Both can generate without any, so bring what you find home and replant it.

Step	Put in the top slot	Result
1. Fill bottles	Glass bottles on water (or a cauldron)	Water Bottle ×3
2. Make the base	Nether wart	Awkward Potion — the base for all 15 effect potions
3. Add the effect	The ingredient from the chart below	The finished potion
4. (Optional) Modify	Redstone Dust, glowstone dust or fermented spider eye	Longer, stronger, or inverted
5. (Optional) Change form	Gunpowder, then dragon's breath	Splash, then lingering

Pro tip

Two ingredients skip the Awkward Potion entirely. Fermented Spider Eye brewed straight into a Water Bottle gives you a Potion of Weakness (1:30) — the only effect potion in the game that needs no nether wart at all. Glowstone Dust in a Water Bottle gives a Thick Potion, which does nothing whatsoever.

What Are All the Potion Recipes in Minecraft?

Fifteen potions are a single ingredient brewed into an Awkward Potion, and this is all of them — the ingredient, the potion it makes, how long the base version lasts, and what the two duration and potency modifiers turn it into. The other four effect potions are made with fermented spider eye instead, and they get their own table in the next section.

Ingredient	Potion	Base duration	+ Redstone	+ Glowstone
Golden Carrot	Night Vision	3:00	8:00	—
Rabbit's Foot	Leaping	3:00	8:00	Leaping II
Magma Cream	Fire Resistance	3:00	8:00	—
Sugar	Swiftness	3:00	8:00	Swiftness II
Pufferfish (Item)	Water Breathing	3:00	8:00	—
Glistering Melon Slice	Healing	Instant	—	Healing II
Spider Eye	Poison	0:45	1:30 Java / 2:00 Bedrock	Poison II
Ghast Tear	Regeneration	0:45	1:30 Java / 2:00 Bedrock	Regeneration II
Blaze Powder	Strength	3:00	8:00	Strength II
Turtle Shell	The Turtle Master	0:20	0:40	Enhanced
Phantom Membrane	Slow Falling	1:30	4:00	—
Stone	Infestation	3:00	—	—
Slime Block	Oozing	3:00	—	—
Cobweb	Weaving	3:00	—	—
Breeze Rod	Wind Charging	3:00	—	—

A dash means that combination does not exist. Nothing is lost if you try it — the stand simply refuses to brew and your ingredient stays in the slot. Healing and Harming are instant, so redstone dust has nothing to extend; Fire Resistance, Night Vision, Water Breathing and Slow Falling have no level II; and the four 1.21 potions accept neither modifier. Note the two rows where the editions genuinely disagree: extended Poison and extended Regeneration run 1:30 on Java but 2:00 on Bedrock. Everything else in this chart is identical on both.

What Do Redstone, Glowstone and Fermented Spider Eye Do?

Redstone dust makes a potion last longer, glowstone dust makes it stronger but shorter, and fermented spider eye corrupts it into the opposite effect. You get one of redstone or glowstone per potion: neither can be added to a potion that has already been extended or enhanced, so the brewing simply fails. Fermented spider eye is the exception — it still works on an extended potion, and turns it into the extended version of the opposite effect.

Modifier	What it does	Example
Redstone Dust	Extends the duration, keeps the level	Strength 3:00 → 8:00
Glowstone Dust	Raises to level II, shortens the duration	Strength 3:00 → Strength II
Fermented Spider Eye	Corrupts into the opposite effect	Night Vision → Invisibility
Gunpowder	Makes it throwable	Potion → Splash Potion
Dragon's breath	Makes it a cloud (splash potions only)	Splash → Lingering

Fermented spider eye is the only route to four of the game's 19 effect potions, so here they are as their own chart. Note that Weakness is the odd one out: it is not a corruption of another potion at all, but fermented spider eye brewed straight into a Water Bottle.

The conversions stack sensibly: corrupt an already-extended potion and you get the extended version of its opposite, so an 8:00 Night Vision becomes an 8:00 Invisibility and an 8:00 Swiftness becomes a 4:00 Slowness. Corrupt a level II and you get a level II — Poison II or Healing II both give Harming II.

How Do You Make Splash Potions, Lingering Potions and Tipped Arrows?

Add gunpowder to any potion to make it a splash potion you can throw, then add dragon's breath to that splash potion to make it a lingering potion that leaves a cloud. Tipped arrows are the fourth form, and they are crafted rather than brewed: put a lingering potion in the middle of the crafting grid and surround it with arrows to get tipped arrows carrying the same effect.

The order matters: gunpowder first, then dragon's breath. You cannot brew dragon's breath into a drinkable potion, and once a potion is lingering you cannot turn it back. Dragon's breath itself is collected by using an empty glass bottle on the ender dragon's breath attack or on the clouds its fireballs leave — so on Java, tipped arrows are an end-game project by definition.

Bedrock players can skip all of that. On Bedrock only, filling a cauldron with any potion and using arrows on it tips them directly — no lingering potion, no dragon's breath, no trip to the End. If you are on Bedrock and you want tipped arrows early, that is the route.

How Do You Brew the Four New 1.21 Potions?

The four potions added with the Trial Chambers update are brewed exactly like the others — one ingredient into an Awkward Potion — but their ingredients are ordinary blocks nobody thinks to put in a brewing stand. All four last 3:00 and accept neither redstone nor glowstone.

Ingredient	Potion	What the effect does
Stone	Potion of Infestation	A hurt target has a 10% chance to spawn 1–3 silverfish
Slime Block	Potion of Oozing	The target spawns two medium slimes when it dies
Cobweb	Potion of Weaving	The target leaves 2–3 cobwebs where it dies
Breeze Rod	Potion of Wind Charging	The target lets off a wind burst when it dies

Three of the four ingredients you already have in a chest somewhere. The fourth is the catch: breeze rods drop only from breezes, and breezes spawn only from the trial spawners inside trial chambers. If you have never found one, that is the single thing standing between you and a Potion of Wind Charging.

Which Potions Are Java-Only or Bedrock-Only?

Brewing is very nearly identical across the two editions — the same ingredients make the same potions everywhere. There are exactly four differences worth knowing, and this is all of them.

Those two extended durations are the only numbers in this entire chart that change between editions, and they are the ones charts most often get wrong. If a chart tells you to brew a Potion of Luck, it is wrong on both editions — there has never been a survival recipe for it.