Enter your world seed into the interactive seed-map finder on this page and toggle on villages to see the exact X/Z coordinates of every Plains Village in your world. The map distinguishes plains villages from desert, savanna, taiga, and snowy variants, so you can travel straight to the nearest one instead of exploring blindly.
In Java Edition, Plains Villages generate in the Overworld in plains and meadow biomes. Villages are a fairly common structure, placed on a roughly 34-chunk grid (about 544 blocks apart on average) with a minimum separation of 8 chunks, so most flat grassy worlds have several within a few thousand blocks of spawn.
A Plains Village is built from oak wood and cobblestone with gravel paths, and is home to villagers, an iron golem, cats, and crop farms. House chests can contain potatoes, bread, oak saplings, dandelions, and other early-game supplies, and villagers offer trades based on their job-site blocks.
